{"id":23383,"date":"2026-02-18T16:21:09","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:21:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/?p=23383"},"modified":"2026-02-18T16:21:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T16:21:12","slug":"how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Support Open-Source Science: A Practical Guide for Researchers, Developers, and Donors"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"scien-381264550\" class=\"scien-before-content scien-entity-placement\"><style>\r\n.amazon-support-link {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: baseline;\r\n    gap: 0.3rem;\r\n    padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;\r\n    color: inherit;\r\n    font-size: 0.88rem;\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n    opacity: 0.72;\r\n    white-space: nowrap;\r\n    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.amazon-support-link:hover,\r\n.amazon-support-link:focus-visible {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.amazon-support-link small {\r\n    font-size: 0.65rem;\r\n    opacity: 0.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 900px) {\r\n    .amazon-support-link small {\r\n        display: none;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<a class=\"amazon-support-link\"\r\n   href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/?tag=vpf04-20\"\r\n   target=\"_blank\"\r\n   rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\"\r\n   aria-label=\"Shop on Amazon and support World Science DAO\">\r\n    Shop on Amazon <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span>\r\n    <small>affiliate link<\/small>\r\n<\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open-source science\u2014often aligned with movements like <strong>Open Source Initiative<\/strong> and decentralized research communities\u2014extends the logic of open-source software to research itself. It promotes transparent methods, public datasets, reproducible workflows, and community-governed infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supporting it requires more than rhetoric. It requires capital, labor, governance, and distribution channels. Below is a structured breakdown. \ud83e\udded<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Fund_Open_Science_Directly_%F0%9F%92%B0\" >Fund Open Science Directly \ud83d\udcb0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Options\" >Options:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#High-Impact_Targets\" >High-Impact Targets:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Contribute_Code_and_Infrastructure_%F0%9F%A7%91%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%92%BB\" >Contribute Code and Infrastructure \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Publish_Openly_%F0%9F%93%96\" >Publish Openly \ud83d\udcd6<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Review_and_Curate_%F0%9F%A7%AA\" >Review and Curate \ud83e\uddea<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Build_Sustainable_Governance_%F0%9F%8F%9B%EF%B8%8F\" >Build Sustainable Governance \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Advocate_for_Structural_Change_%F0%9F%93%A2\" >Advocate for Structural Change \ud83d\udce2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Support_Through_Usage_and_Distribution_%F0%9F%93%A1\" >Support Through Usage and Distribution \ud83d\udce1<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/how-to-support-open-source-science-a-practical-guide-for-researchers-developers-and-donors\/#Strategic_Principle_%F0%9F%8E%AF\" >Strategic Principle \ud83c\udfaf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fund_Open_Science_Directly_%F0%9F%92%B0\"><\/span>Fund Open Science Directly \ud83d\udcb0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Financial support remains the primary bottleneck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Options\"><\/span>Options:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Direct donations<\/strong> to open labs and research collectives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GitHub Sponsors<\/strong> for scientific software developers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grants via organizations like <strong>Mozilla Foundation<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crowdfunding through <strong>Experiment.com<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contributing to decentralized funding collectives (e.g., science DAOs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"High-Impact_Targets\"><\/span>High-Impact Targets:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Open-access publishing fees<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cloud compute for reproducibility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dataset hosting and long-term archival<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintenance of critical research libraries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In open science, maintenance is often more valuable than novelty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contribute_Code_and_Infrastructure_%F0%9F%A7%91%E2%80%8D%F0%9F%92%BB\"><\/span>Contribute Code and Infrastructure \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udcbb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientific progress increasingly depends on software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key ecosystems include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jupyter Notebook<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>NumPy<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SciPy<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>R<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Lean<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You can:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fix bugs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improve documentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Write tests<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Port tools to new architectures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improve performance (especially for large-scale simulations)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Infrastructure contribution often has multiplicative effects. \u2699\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Publish_Openly_%F0%9F%93%96\"><\/span>Publish Openly \ud83d\udcd6<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are a researcher:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use preprint servers such as <strong>arXiv<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>License your work under permissive terms (e.g., CC-BY)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Publish datasets and code alongside papers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prefer open-access journals or institutional repositories<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reproducibility is a public good. Closed data slows collective progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Review_and_Curate_%F0%9F%A7%AA\"><\/span>Review and Curate \ud83e\uddea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peer review is labor-intensive and under-incentivized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ways to contribute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Volunteer as reviewer for open journals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provide public, constructive feedback on preprints<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Replicate published results<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create curated reading lists and surveys<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quality control is a form of infrastructure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Build_Sustainable_Governance_%F0%9F%8F%9B%EF%B8%8F\"><\/span>Build Sustainable Governance \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open science fails without governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key elements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Transparent treasury management<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clear contributor licenses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conflict resolution processes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long-term archival strategies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Communities inspired by decentralized models experiment with tokenized governance, quadratic funding, or merit-based review systems. These are still evolving. \u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advocate_for_Structural_Change_%F0%9F%93%A2\"><\/span>Advocate for Structural Change \ud83d\udce2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Systemic barriers include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prestige-based publishing monopolies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paywalled journals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Career incentives misaligned with reproducibility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Underfunded software maintenance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Advocacy can include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Institutional policy proposals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>University open-data mandates<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Funders requiring open licensing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public awareness campaigns<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal is incentive realignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Support_Through_Usage_and_Distribution_%F0%9F%93%A1\"><\/span>Support Through Usage and Distribution \ud83d\udce1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all support is financial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cite open tools properly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Teach open workflows<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recommend open alternatives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Share reproducible notebooks<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Avoid proprietary lock-in when feasible<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adoption creates legitimacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategic_Principle_%F0%9F%8E%AF\"><\/span>Strategic Principle \ud83c\udfaf<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Open-source science is a <strong>public goods ecosystem<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It requires:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Capital (funding)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labor (developers, reviewers)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Legitimacy (citations, institutional backing)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Infrastructure (hosting, compute, archiving)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governance (rules and incentives)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supporting it effectively means selecting the leverage point that matches your skills and resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want, I can tailor this guide specifically to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>individual donors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>early-career researchers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>blockchain-based science collectives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>or high-net-worth philanthropists interested in systemic reform \ud83d\ude80<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Support<\/strong> open-source science funded through <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/meritocracy\/\">an impartial AI<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"scien-2836666144\" class=\"scien-after-content scien-entity-placement\"><section>\r\n\r\n<h2>Support Independent Science<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Supporting independent science is not only a matter of fairness to researchers whose expertise and work are often underfunded. It is also essential for addressing <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/who-are-science-marketers\/\">systemic failures in scientific publishing<\/a> that delay discoveries and leave important results unnoticed. In science and software, even one missing component can prevent an entire system from working.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Help valuable research and open-source infrastructure move forward.<\/strong> Please <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/donation\/\">make a donation<\/a><\/strong> to support <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/amateur-scientists\/\">independent scientists<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/free-software\/\">free software developers<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\tOur flagship product is <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/meritocracy\/\">AI Internet-Meritocracy<\/a> - an app, that unlike universities distributes money directly to researchers and open source developers, without bureaucracy.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/div><div id=\"scien-1419056472\" class=\"scien-after-content-2 scien-entity-placement\"><div data-nosnippet style=\"max-width: 800px\">\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0\">Ads:<\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n    \/* Compact Table Styling *\/\r\n    .amazon-ad-table {\r\n        width: 100%;\r\n        max-width: 800px;\r\n        border-collapse: collapse;\r\n        margin: 10px auto;\r\n        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n        border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\r\n    }\r\n    .amazon-ad-table th {\r\n        background-color: #f3f3f3;\r\n        padding: 8px;\r\n        text-align: left;\r\n        border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;\r\n        font-size: 0.9em;\r\n    }\r\n    .amazon-ad-table td {\r\n        padding: 8px 5px;\r\n        border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\r\n        vertical-align: middle;\r\n    }\r\n    \/* Column sizing *\/\r\n    .col-image { width: 15%; 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}\r\n        .amazon-ad-table tr { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; }\r\n        .amazon-ad-table td { width: 100%; border: none; padding: 5px 0; text-align: center; }\r\n        .col-desc { text-align: center; }\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"amazon-ad-table\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <th>Description<\/th>\r\n            <th>Action<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0553380168?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">A Brief History of Time<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Stephen Hawking<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">A landmark volume in science writing exploring cosmology, black holes, and the nature of the universe in accessible language.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0553380168?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0393609391?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Astrophysics for People in a Hurry<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Neil deGrasse Tyson<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">Tyson brings the universe down to Earth clearly, with wit and charm, in chapters you can read anytime, anywhere.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0393609391?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n         <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=raspberry+pi+4+starter+kit&tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Raspberry Pi Starter Kits<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">Supports Computer Science Education<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">Inexpensive computers designed to promote basic computer science education. Buying kits supports this ecosystem.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=raspberry+pi+4+starter+kit&tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">View Options<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0596002874?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Sam Williams<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">A detailed history of the free software movement, essential reading for understanding the philosophy behind open source.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0596002874?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"affiliate-disclosure\">\r\n    <p>As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases resulting from links on this page.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Open-source science\u2014often aligned with movements like Open Source Initiative and decentralized research communities\u2014extends the logic of open-source software to research itself. 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