{"id":21975,"date":"2025-12-27T18:57:32","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T18:57:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/?p=21975"},"modified":"2026-02-18T12:39:09","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T12:39:09","slug":"managers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/","title":{"rendered":"Do We Need Managers in Science in 2026?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"scien-540681432\" class=\"scien-before-content scien-entity-placement\"><style>\r\n.amazon-support-link {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: baseline;\r\n    gap: 0.3rem;\r\n    padding: 0.35rem 0.55rem;\r\n    color: inherit;\r\n    font-size: 0.88rem;\r\n    line-height: 1.2;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n    opacity: 0.72;\r\n    white-space: nowrap;\r\n    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.amazon-support-link:hover,\r\n.amazon-support-link:focus-visible {\r\n    opacity: 1;\r\n    text-decoration: underline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.amazon-support-link small {\r\n    font-size: 0.65rem;\r\n    opacity: 0.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media (max-width: 900px) {\r\n    .amazon-support-link small {\r\n        display: none;\r\n    }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n<a class=\"amazon-support-link\"\r\n   href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/?tag=vpf04-20\"\r\n   target=\"_blank\"\r\n   rel=\"nofollow sponsored noopener\"\r\n   aria-label=\"Shop on Amazon and support World Science DAO\">\r\n    Shop on Amazon <span aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2197<\/span>\r\n    <small>affiliate link<\/small>\r\n<\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>I claim that the future scientific institutions don&#8217;t need managers, they need marketers. Moreover, scientific marketing will turn to become a private business rather than big institutions.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For decades, modern science has assumed that <strong>management is indispensable<\/strong>: rectors run universities, administrators allocate grants, institutions coordinate research, and marketing departments \u201cpromote impact.\u201d This model is rarely questioned. Yet its effectiveness is increasingly doubtful. Managers in Science<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article examines whether scientific management is genuinely productive\u2014or whether it has become an artificial bottleneck\u2014and explores an alternative: <strong>direct, algorithmic funding of scientists and science marketers via <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/meritocracy\/\">AI-driven systems such as AIIM<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#Why_Is_Being_a_University_Rector_Considered_So_Important\" >Why Is Being a University Rector Considered So Important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#The_person_with_the_least_direct_involvement_in_research_often_has_the_most_power_over_research_outcomes\" >The person with the least direct involvement in research often has the most power over research outcomes.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#Why_Not_Give_Money_Directly_to_Scientists\" >Why Not Give Money Directly to Scientists?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#Do_We_Need_Managers%E2%80%94or_Marketers\" >Do We Need Managers\u2014or Marketers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#Do_We_Need_Research_Institutions_at_All\" >Do We Need Research Institutions at All?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#AIIM_Replacing_Managers_with_Algorithms\" >AIIM: Replacing Managers with Algorithms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#A_Structural_Shift_Not_a_Technological_One\" >A Structural Shift, Not a Technological One<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/managers\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Is_Being_a_University_Rector_Considered_So_Important\"><\/span>Why Is Being a University Rector Considered So Important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rector (or president) of a university is typically portrayed as a strategic leader responsible for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Budget allocation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hiring and promotion policies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Research priorities<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>External relations and fundraising<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In theory, this role exists to optimize scientific output. In practice, the rector\u2019s success is often measured by <strong>non-scientific metrics<\/strong>: institutional rankings, political alignment, compliance, and administrative <a href=\"https:\/\/research.com\/advice\/are-online-science-degrees-respected-by-employers\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/research.com\/advice\/are-online-science-degrees-respected-by-employers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stability<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This creates a structural paradox:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_person_with_the_least_direct_involvement_in_research_often_has_the_most_power_over_research_outcomes\"><\/span>The person with the least direct involvement in research often has the most power over research outcomes.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As universities scale, rectors become <strong>political managers<\/strong>, not scientific optimizers. Their incentives drift further from discovery and closer to risk minimization, bureaucracy, and reputation management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Not_Give_Money_Directly_to_Scientists\"><\/span>Why Not Give Money Directly to Scientists?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A natural question follows:<br><strong>Why not eliminate management layers and fund scientists directly?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historically, the standard objection has been:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cScientists cannot manage money\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cCoordination requires institutions\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cPeer review must be centralized\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, these assumptions increasingly fail under scrutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Modern scientists already:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manage complex research pipelines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coordinate globally via open platforms<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Self-publish preprints and software<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Build reputations through demonstrable output<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What they often <em>cannot<\/em> do is bypass <strong>institutional gatekeeping<\/strong> that delays or blocks funding for reasons unrelated to merit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct funding would:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reduce latency between idea and execution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Eliminate administrative rent-seeking<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reward actual output rather than conformity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In economic terms, current science funding resembles <strong>central planning with delayed feedback<\/strong>\u2014a model known to be inefficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_We_Need_Managers%E2%80%94or_Marketers\"><\/span>Do We Need Managers\u2014or Marketers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If one function <em>is<\/em> genuinely missing from many scientists\u2019 skill sets, it is <strong>communication<\/strong>, not management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Science does not primarily fail because of poor internal coordination; it fails because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Results are poorly explained<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Value is not communicated to society<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discoveries remain invisible to funders and users<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This suggests a crucial distinction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Managers<\/strong> control scientists<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Marketers<\/strong> amplify scientists<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A marketer\u2019s incentives can align with scientific success:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>They benefit when work is impactful<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are replaceable based on performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their output is measurable (reach, adoption, funding raised)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In contrast, managerial power often becomes self-justifying and detached from outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_We_Need_Research_Institutions_at_All\"><\/span>Do We Need Research Institutions at All?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Large research institutions increasingly resemble <strong>kolkhozes in agriculture<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Centralized control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weak personal incentives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risk aversion<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Output measured by formal compliance rather than productivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just as agricultural collectivization reduced efficiency despite good intentions, institutionalized science often suppresses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unconventional ideas<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Independent researchers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High-risk, high-reward work<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This does not mean <em>all<\/em> institutions are useless\u2014but it does mean their monopoly role is unjustified in a digital, networked world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"459\" src=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png\" alt=\"Managers in Science\" class=\"wp-image-21983\" title=\"Managers in Science\" srcset=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png 825w, https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-575x320.png 575w, https:\/\/science-dao.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-380x211.png 380w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Institutions should be <strong>optional service providers<\/strong>, not mandatory intermediaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AIIM_Replacing_Managers_with_Algorithms\"><\/span>AIIM: Replacing Managers with Algorithms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/meritocracy\/\">AI Internet-Meritocracy (AIIM)<\/a><\/strong> proposes a fundamentally different architecture:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI evaluates scientific output directly<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Funding flows to individuals, not institutions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reputation is proof-of-work\u2013based, not credential-based<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Science marketers are funded alongside scientists<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Decisions are auditable, appealable, and adaptive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of asking:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWho should manage science?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AIIM asks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cWhat measurable signals indicate real scientific value?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI does not eliminate judgment\u2014it <strong>compresses latency<\/strong> and <strong>reduces human bias<\/strong>. Unlike managers, algorithms do not accumulate political power or protect incumbency by default.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Structural_Shift_Not_a_Technological_One\"><\/span>A Structural Shift, Not a Technological One<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not about replacing humans with machines. It is about <strong>removing unnecessary intermediaries<\/strong> between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discovery and funding<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scientist and society<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Value creation and reward<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Managers emerged when coordination was expensive. Today, coordination is cheap\u2014but <strong>gatekeeping remains<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real question is no longer whether we <em>can<\/em> fund scientists directly, but why we still pretend we cannot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Scientific management is largely a historical artifact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rectors optimize institutions, not discoveries<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Direct funding aligns incentives more efficiently<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marketing matters more than managerial control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Institutions should compete, not dominate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AIIM offers a scalable alternative to centralized authority<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Science progresses fastest when <strong>those who discover<\/strong> are <strong>those who decide<\/strong>\u2014and when funding follows evidence, not hierarchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udc49 <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/one-time-donation\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"19044\"><strong>SUPPORT AI Internet-Meritocracy project<\/strong><\/a> &#8211; salaries directly to scientists and science marketers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"scien-3229176218\" class=\"scien-after-content scien-entity-placement\"><section>\r\n\r\n<h2>Support Independent Science<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Supporting independent science is not only a matter of fairness to researchers whose expertise and work are often underfunded. It is also essential for addressing <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/who-are-science-marketers\/\">systemic failures in scientific publishing<\/a> that delay discoveries and leave important results unnoticed. In science and software, even one missing component can prevent an entire system from working.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Help valuable research and open-source infrastructure move forward.<\/strong> Please <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/donation\/\">make a donation<\/a><\/strong> to support <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/amateur-scientists\/\">independent scientists<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/free-software\/\">free software developers<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>\r\n\t\tOur flagship product is <a href=\"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/meritocracy\/\">AI Internet-Meritocracy<\/a> - an app, that unlike universities distributes money directly to researchers and open source developers, without bureaucracy.\r\n<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><\/div><div id=\"scien-2886981022\" class=\"scien-after-content-2 scien-entity-placement\"><div data-nosnippet style=\"max-width: 800px\">\r\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 0\">Ads:<\/p>\r\n<style>\r\n    \/* Compact Table Styling *\/\r\n    .amazon-ad-table {\r\n        width: 100%;\r\n        max-width: 800px;\r\n        border-collapse: collapse;\r\n        margin: 10px auto;\r\n        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\r\n        border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\r\n    }\r\n    .amazon-ad-table th {\r\n        background-color: #f3f3f3;\r\n        padding: 8px;\r\n        text-align: left;\r\n        border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd;\r\n        font-size: 0.9em;\r\n    }\r\n    .amazon-ad-table td {\r\n        padding: 8px 5px;\r\n        border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\r\n        vertical-align: middle;\r\n    }\r\n    \/* Column sizing *\/\r\n    .col-image { width: 15%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding-top: 10px; }\r\n    .col-desc { width: 65%; }\r\n    .col-action { width: 20%; text-align: center; }\r\n\r\n    \/* Image Placeholder Styling *\/\r\n    \/* YOU WILL REPLACE THIS ENTIRE BLOCK WHEN YOU INSERT REAL AMAZON CODE *\/\r\n    .img-placeholder {\r\n        width: 80px;\r\n        height: 110px;\r\n        background-color: #eee;\r\n        border: 1px solid #ddd;\r\n        color: #666;\r\n        font-size: 0.7em;\r\n        display: flex;\r\n        justify-content: center;\r\n        align-items: center;\r\n        margin: 0 auto;\r\n        text-align: center;\r\n    }\r\n    \r\n    \/* Typography - Smaller fonts and tighter line heights *\/\r\n    .product-title {\r\n        font-size: 1em;\r\n        font-weight: bold;\r\n        color: #007185;\r\n        text-decoration: none;\r\n        display: block;\r\n        margin-bottom: 2px;\r\n    }\r\n    .product-title:hover { color: #C7511F; text-decoration: underline; }\r\n    .product-author { \r\n        color: #565959; \r\n        font-size: 0.8em; \r\n        margin-bottom: 4px; \r\n    }\r\n    .product-blurb { \r\n        font-size: 0.85em; \r\n        line-height: 1.25;\r\n        color: #333; \r\n        margin: 0;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Compact Button Styling *\/\r\n    .amazon-button {\r\n        display: inline-block;\r\n        background-color: #FFD814;\r\n        border: 1px solid #FCD200;\r\n        border-radius: 20px;\r\n        color: #0F1111;\r\n        padding: 6px 10px;\r\n        text-align: center;\r\n        text-decoration: none;\r\n        font-size: 0.8em;\r\n        font-weight: bold;\r\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\r\n        transition: background-color 0.2s;\r\n        white-space: nowrap;\r\n    }\r\n    .amazon-button:hover { background-color: #F7CA00; border-color: #F2C200; cursor: pointer;}\r\n\r\n    \/* Disclosure *\/\r\n    .affiliate-disclosure {\r\n        font-size: 0.75em;\r\n        color: #565959;\r\n        text-align: center;\r\n        margin-top: 5px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    \/* Responsive *\/\r\n    @media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n        .amazon-ad-table thead { display: none; }\r\n        .amazon-ad-table tr { display: flex; flex-direction: column; border-bottom: 2px solid #ddd; padding: 10px; }\r\n        .amazon-ad-table td { width: 100%; border: none; padding: 5px 0; text-align: center; }\r\n        .col-desc { text-align: center; }\r\n    }\r\n<\/style>\r\n<table class=\"amazon-ad-table\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <th>Description<\/th>\r\n            <th>Action<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0553380168?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">A Brief History of Time<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Stephen Hawking<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">A landmark volume in science writing exploring cosmology, black holes, and the nature of the universe in accessible language.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0553380168?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0393609391?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Astrophysics for People in a Hurry<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Neil deGrasse Tyson<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">Tyson brings the universe down to Earth clearly, with wit and charm, in chapters you can read anytime, anywhere.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0393609391?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n         <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=raspberry+pi+4+starter+kit&tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Raspberry Pi Starter Kits<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">Supports Computer Science Education<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">Inexpensive computers designed to promote basic computer science education. Buying kits supports this ecosystem.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/s?k=raspberry+pi+4+starter+kit&tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">View Options<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td class=\"col-desc\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0596002874?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"product-title\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade<\/a>\r\n                <div class=\"product-author\">by Sam Williams<\/div>\r\n                <p class=\"product-blurb\">A detailed history of the free software movement, essential reading for understanding the philosophy behind open source.<\/p>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n            <td class=\"col-action\">\r\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0596002874?tag=vpf04-20\" class=\"amazon-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Check Price<\/a>\r\n            <\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<div class=\"affiliate-disclosure\">\r\n    <p>As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases resulting from links on this page.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I claim that the future scientific institutions don&#8217;t need managers, they need marketers. Moreover, scientific marketing will turn to become a private business rather than big institutions. For decades, modern [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ai-internet-meritocracy","category-meritocracy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21975"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23309,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21975\/revisions\/23309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-dao.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}